<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs">
<head>
<title>Punctuation - cppreference.com</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.21.2">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../common/favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../common/ext.css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../common/site_modules.css">
<style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(ckb),a:lang(fa),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none}#toc{display:none}.editsection{display:none}
/* cache key: mwiki1-mwiki_en_:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:472787eddcf4605d11de8c7ef047234f */</style>

<script src="../../../common/startup_scripts.js"></script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"cpp/language/punctuators","wgTitle":"cpp/language/punctuators","wgCurRevisionId":139977,"wgArticleId":20771,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"cpp/language/punctuators","wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[]});
}</script><script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.implement("user.options",function(){mw.user.options.set({"ccmeonemails":0,"cols":80,"date":"default","diffonly":0,"disablemail":0,"disablesuggest":0,"editfont":"default","editondblclick":0,"editsection":0,"editsectiononrightclick":0,"enotifminoredits":0,"enotifrevealaddr":0,"enotifusertalkpages":1,"enotifwatchlistpages":0,"extendwatchlist":0,"externaldiff":0,"externaleditor":0,"fancysig":0,"forceeditsummary":0,"gender":"unknown","hideminor":0,"hidepatrolled":0,"imagesize":2,"justify":0,"math":1,"minordefault":0,"newpageshidepatrolled":0,"nocache":0,"noconvertlink":0,"norollbackdiff":0,"numberheadings":0,"previewonfirst":0,"previewontop":1,"quickbar":5,"rcdays":7,"rclimit":50,"rememberpassword":0,"rows":25,"searchlimit":20,"showhiddencats":0,"showjumplinks":1,"shownumberswatching":1,"showtoc":0,"showtoolbar":1,"skin":"cppreference2","stubthreshold":0,"thumbsize":2,"underline":2,"uselivepreview":0,"usenewrc":0,"watchcreations":0,"watchdefault":0,"watchdeletion":0,
"watchlistdays":3,"watchlisthideanons":0,"watchlisthidebots":0,"watchlisthideliu":0,"watchlisthideminor":0,"watchlisthideown":0,"watchlisthidepatrolled":0,"watchmoves":0,"wllimit":250,"variant":"en","language":"en","searchNs0":true,"searchNs1":false,"searchNs2":false,"searchNs3":false,"searchNs4":false,"searchNs5":false,"searchNs6":false,"searchNs7":false,"searchNs8":false,"searchNs9":false,"searchNs10":false,"searchNs11":false,"searchNs12":false,"searchNs13":false,"searchNs14":false,"searchNs15":false,"gadget-ColiruCompiler":1,"gadget-MathJax":1});;},{},{});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function(){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":false,"watchToken":false});;},{},{});
/* cache key: mwiki1-mwiki_en_:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:9f05c6caceb9bb1a482b6cebd4c5a330 */
}</script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax"]);
}</script>
<style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
.source-cpp {line-height: normal;}
.source-cpp li, .source-cpp pre {
	line-height: normal; border: 0px none white;
}
/**
 * GeSHi Dynamically Generated Stylesheet
 * --------------------------------------
 * Dynamically generated stylesheet for cpp
 * CSS class: source-cpp, CSS id: 
 * GeSHi (C) 2004 - 2007 Nigel McNie, 2007 - 2008 Benny Baumann
 * (http://qbnz.com/highlighter/ and http://geshi.org/)
 * --------------------------------------
 */
.cpp.source-cpp .de1, .cpp.source-cpp .de2 {font: normal normal 1em/1.2em monospace; margin:0; padding:0; background:none; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp  {font-family:monospace;}
.cpp.source-cpp .imp {font-weight: bold; color: red;}
.cpp.source-cpp li, .cpp.source-cpp .li1 {font-weight: normal; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .ln {width:1px;text-align:right;margin:0;padding:0 2px;vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .li2 {font-weight: bold; vertical-align:top;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw1 {color: #0000dd;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw2 {color: #0000ff;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw3 {color: #0000dd;}
.cpp.source-cpp .kw4 {color: #0000ff;}
.cpp.source-cpp .co1 {color: #909090;}
.cpp.source-cpp .co2 {color: #339900;}
.cpp.source-cpp .coMULTI {color: #ff0000; font-style: italic;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es0 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es1 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es2 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es3 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es4 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .es5 {color: #008000; font-weight: bold;}
.cpp.source-cpp .br0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy1 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy2 {color: #000040;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy3 {color: #000040;}
.cpp.source-cpp .sy4 {color: #008080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .st0 {color: #008000;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu0 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu6 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu8 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu12 {color: #000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu16 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu17 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu18 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .nu19 {color:#000080;}
.cpp.source-cpp .ln-xtra, .cpp.source-cpp li.ln-xtra, .cpp.source-cpp div.ln-xtra {background-color: #ffc;}
.cpp.source-cpp span.xtra { display:block; }

/*]]>*/
</style><!--[if lt IE 7]><style type="text/css">body{behavior:url("/mwiki/skins/cppreference2/csshover.min.htc")}</style><![endif]--></head>
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-cpp_language_punctuators skin-cppreference2 action-view cpp-navbar">
        <!-- header -->
        <!-- /header -->
        <!-- content -->
<div id="cpp-content-base">
            <div id="content">
                <a id="top"></a>
                <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div>
                                <!-- firstHeading -->
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Punctuation</h1>
                <!-- /firstHeading -->
                <!-- bodyContent -->
                <div id="bodyContent">
                                        <!-- tagline -->
                    <div id="siteSub">From cppreference.com</div>
                    <!-- /tagline -->
                                        <!-- subtitle -->
                    <div id="contentSub"><span class="subpages">&lt; <a href="../../cpp.html" title="cpp">cpp</a>‎ | <a href="../language.html" title="cpp/language">language</a></span></div>
                    <!-- /subtitle -->
                                                            <!-- bodycontent -->
                    <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="t-navbar" style=""><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../../cpp.html" title="cpp"> C++</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="line-height:1.1em;">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../compiler_support.html" title="cpp/compiler support"> Compiler support</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../freestanding.html" title="cpp/freestanding"> Freestanding and hosted</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../language.html" title="cpp/language"> Language</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../header.html" title="cpp/header"> Standard library headers</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../named_req.html" title="cpp/named req"> Named requirements </a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../feature_test.html" title="cpp/feature test"> Feature test macros </a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../utility.html#Language_support" title="cpp/utility"> Language support library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../concepts.html" title="cpp/concepts"> Concepts library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../meta.html" title="cpp/meta"> Metaprogramming library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../error.html" title="cpp/error"> Diagnostics library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../utility.html" title="cpp/utility"> General utilities library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../string.html" title="cpp/string"> Strings library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../container.html" title="cpp/container"> Containers library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator"> Iterators library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../ranges.html" title="cpp/ranges"> Ranges library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../algorithm.html" title="cpp/algorithm"> Algorithms library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../numeric.html" title="cpp/numeric"> Numerics library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../locale.html" title="cpp/locale"> Localizations library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../io.html" title="cpp/io"> Input/output library</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../filesystem.html" title="cpp/filesystem"> Filesystem library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(C++17)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../regex.html" title="cpp/regex"> Regular expressions library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../thread.html" title="cpp/thread"> Concurrency support library</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../experimental.html" title="cpp/experimental"> Technical specifications</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../symbol_index.html" title="cpp/symbol index"> Symbols index</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../links/libs.html" title="cpp/links/libs"> External libraries</a> </td></tr>
</table></div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="../language.html" title="cpp/language"> C++ language</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div style="display:inline-block">
<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> General topics</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../preprocessor.html" title="cpp/preprocessor"> Preprocessor</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../comments.html" title="cpp/comment"> Comments</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../keywords.html" title="cpp/keyword"> Keywords</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="escape.html" title="cpp/language/escape"> Escape sequences</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements"> Flow control</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Conditional execution statements</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="if.html" title="cpp/language/if"><tt>if</tt></a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="switch.html" title="cpp/language/switch"><tt>switch</tt></a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Iteration statements (loops)</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="for.html" title="cpp/language/for"><tt>for</tt></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="range-for.html" title="cpp/language/range-for"> range-<code>for</code></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="while.html" title="cpp/language/while"><tt>while</tt></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="do.html" title="cpp/language/do"> <code>do-while</code></a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Jump statements </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="continue.html" title="cpp/language/continue"><tt>continue</tt></a> - <a href="break.html" title="cpp/language/break"><tt>break</tt></a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="goto.html" title="cpp/language/goto"><tt>goto</tt></a> - <a href="return.html" title="cpp/language/return"><tt>return</tt></a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> <a href="functions.html" title="cpp/language/functions"> Functions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function"> Function declaration</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda"> Lambda function expression</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="inline.html" title="cpp/language/inline"> <code>inline</code> specifier</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="except_spec.html" title="cpp/language/except spec"> Dynamic exception specifications</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-until-cxx20">(until C++20)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="noexcept_spec.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept spec"> <code>noexcept</code> specifier</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Exceptions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="throw.html" title="cpp/language/throw"> <code>throw</code>-expression</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="try_catch.html" title="cpp/language/try catch"> <code>try</code>-<code>catch</code> block</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Namespaces</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="namespace.html" title="cpp/language/namespace"> Namespace declaration</a>  </td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="namespace_alias.html" title="cpp/language/namespace alias"> Namespace aliases</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Types</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="types.html" title="cpp/language/types"> Fundamental types</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="enum_class.html" title="cpp/language/enum"> Enumeration types</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function"> Function types</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class"> Class/struct types</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="union.html" title="cpp/language/union"> Union types</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Specifiers</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype"><tt>decltype</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="auto.html" title="cpp/language/auto"><tt>auto</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="alignas.html" title="cpp/language/alignas"><tt>alignas</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="cv.html" title="cpp/language/cv"> <code>const</code>/<code>volatile</code></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="constexpr.html" title="cpp/language/constexpr"><tt>constexpr</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="storage_duration.html" title="cpp/language/storage duration"> Storage duration specifiers</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> <a href="initialization.html" title="cpp/language/initialization"> Initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="default_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/default initialization"> Default initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="value_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/value initialization"> Value initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="zero_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/zero initialization"> Zero initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="copy_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/copy initialization"> Copy initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="direct_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/direct initialization"> Direct initialization</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="aggregate_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/aggregate initialization"> Aggregate initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="list_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/list initialization"> List initialization</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="constant_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/constant initialization"> Constant initialization</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="reference_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/reference initialization"> Reference initialization</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<div style="display:inline-block">
<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> <a href="expressions.html" title="cpp/language/expressions"> Expressions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category"> Value categories</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="eval_order.html" title="cpp/language/eval order"> Order of evaluation</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators"> Operators</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_precedence.html" title="cpp/language/operator precedence"> Operator precedence</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="operator_alternative.html" title="cpp/language/operator alternative"> Alternative representations</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> <a href="expressions.html#Literals" title="cpp/language/expressions"> Literals</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="bool_literal.html" title="cpp/language/bool literal"> Boolean</a> - <a href="integer_literal.html" title="cpp/language/integer literal"> Integer</a> - <a href="floating_literal.html" title="cpp/language/floating literal"> Floating-point</a></td></tr>   
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="character_literal.html" title="cpp/language/character literal"> Character</a> - <a href="string_literal.html" title="cpp/language/string literal"> String</a> - <a href="nullptr.html" title="cpp/language/nullptr"><tt>nullptr</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr> 
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="user_literal.html" title="cpp/language/user literal"> User-defined</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Utilities</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes"> Attributes</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Types</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="typedef.html" title="cpp/language/typedef"> <code>typedef</code> declaration</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="type_alias.html" title="cpp/language/type alias"> Type alias declaration</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Casts</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="implicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/implicit conversion"> Implicit conversions</a> - <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast"> Explicit conversions</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><tt>static_cast</tt></a> - <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><tt>dynamic_cast</tt></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><tt>const_cast</tt></a> - <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><tt>reinterpret_cast</tt></a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Memory allocation</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new"> <code>new</code> expression</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="delete.html" title="cpp/language/delete"> <code>delete</code> expression</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> <a href="classes.html" title="cpp/language/classes"> Classes</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class"> Class declaration</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="initializer_list.html" title="cpp/language/constructor"> Constructors</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="this.html" title="cpp/language/this"> <code>this</code> pointer</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="access.html" title="cpp/language/access"> Access specifiers</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="friend.html" title="cpp/language/friend"> <code>friend</code> specifier</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Class-specific function properties</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="virtual.html" title="cpp/language/virtual"> Virtual function</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="override.html" title="cpp/language/override"> <code>override</code> specifier</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="final.html" title="cpp/language/final"> <code>final</code> specifier</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="explicit.html" title="cpp/language/explicit"><tt>explicit</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="static.html" title="cpp/language/static"><tt>static</tt></a> </td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> Special member functions</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="default_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/default constructor"> Default constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="copy_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/copy constructor"> Copy constructor</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="move_constructor.html" title="cpp/language/move constructor"> Move constructor</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="as_operator.html" title="cpp/language/as operator" class="mw-redirect"> Copy assignment</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="move_operator.html" title="cpp/language/move operator" class="mw-redirect"> Move assignment</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="destructor.html" title="cpp/language/destructor"> Destructor</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"><a href="templates.html" title="cpp/language/templates"> Templates</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="class_template.html" title="cpp/language/class template"> Class template </a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="function_template.html" title="cpp/language/function template"> Function template </a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="template_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/template specialization"> Template specialization</a></td></tr>   
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="parameter_pack.html" title="cpp/language/parameter pack"> Parameter packs</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h1"><td colspan="5"> Miscellaneous </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-col-table"><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="asm.html" title="cpp/language/asm"> Inline assembly</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td><td><div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="history.html" title="cpp/language/history"> History of C++</a></td></tr>
</table></div></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div><div class="t-navbar-head"><a href="basic_concepts.html" title="cpp/language/basic concepts"> Basic Concepts</a><div class="t-navbar-menu"><div><div style="display:inline-block">
<div><table class="t-nv-begin" cellpadding="0" style="">
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../keywords.html" title="cpp/keyword"> Language keywords</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="charset.html" title="cpp/language/charset"> Character sets and encodings</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="translation_phases.html" title="cpp/language/translation phases"> Phases of translation</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="../comments.html" title="cpp/comment"> Comments</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="main_function.html" title="cpp/language/main function"> The main() function</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink"> Punctuation</strong> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="name.html" title="cpp/language/identifiers"> Names and identifiers</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="type-id.html" title="cpp/language/type"> Types</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="types.html" title="cpp/language/types"> Fundamental types</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="objects.html" title="cpp/language/object"> Objects</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="scope.html" title="cpp/language/scope"> Scope</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="lifetime.html" title="cpp/language/lifetime"> Object lifetime</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="storage_duration.html" title="cpp/language/storage duration"> Storage duration and linkage</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="definition.html" title="cpp/language/definition"> Definitions and ODR</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="lookup.html" title="cpp/language/lookup"> Name lookup</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="qualified_lookup.html" title="cpp/language/qualified lookup"> Qualified name lookup</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="unqualified_lookup.html" title="cpp/language/unqualified lookup"> Unqualified name lookup</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="as_if.html" title="cpp/language/as if"> The as-if rule</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="ub.html" title="cpp/language/ub"> Undefined behavior</a></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="memory_model.html" title="cpp/language/memory model"> Memory model</a> </td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules"> Modules</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(C++20)</span> </td></tr>
</table></div>
</div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>These are the punctuation symbols in C++. The meaning of each symbol is detailed in the linked pages.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7B_.7D"> <code>{</code> <code>} </code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In a <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class">class/struct</a> or <a href="union.html" title="cpp/language/union">union</a> definition, delimit the <a href="class.html#Member_specification" title="cpp/language/class">member specification</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="enum_class.html" title="cpp/language/enum">enum</a> definition, delimit the enumerator list.
</li><li> Delimit a <a href="statements.html#Compound_statements" title="cpp/language/statements">compound statement</a>. The compound statement may be part of
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="function.html#Function_definition" title="cpp/language/function">function definition</a>
</li><li> a <a href="try_catch.html" title="cpp/language/try catch">try block or catch clause</a>
</li><li> a <a href="function-try-block.html" title="cpp/language/function-try-block">function-try-block</a>
</li><li> a <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> In <a href="initialization.html" title="cpp/language/initialization">initialization</a>, delimit the initializers. <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>This kind of initialization is called <a href="list_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/list initialization">list-initialization</a>.</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span>
</li><li> In a <a href="namespace.html" title="cpp/language/namespace">namespace definition</a>, delimit the namespace body.
</li><li> In a <a href="language_linkage.html" title="cpp/language/language linkage">language linkage specification</a>, delimit the declarations.
</li><li> In a <a href="constraints.html#Requires_expressions" title="cpp/language/constraints">requires-expression</a>, delimit the requirements. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="constraints.html#Compound_Requirements" title="cpp/language/constraints">compound requirement</a>, delimit the expression. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules">export declaration</a>, delimit the declarations. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".5B_.5D"> <code>[</code> <code>]</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_subscript_operator" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Subscript operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Array_subscript_operator" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> Part of <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="cpp/language/declarations">array declarator</a> in a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a> or a <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type-id</a> (e.g. in a <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new expression</a>)
</li><li> Part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">new<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> operator in <a href="../memory/new/operator_new.html" title="cpp/memory/new/operator new">operator overloading (allocation function)</a>.
</li><li> Part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">delete<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> operator in <a href="delete.html" title="cpp/language/delete">delete expression</a> and <a href="../memory/new/operator_delete.html" title="cpp/memory/new/operator delete">operator overloading (deallocation function)</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda expression</a>, delimit the <a href="lambda.html#Lambda_capture" title="cpp/language/lambda">captures</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attribute specifier</a>, delimit the attributes. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="structured_binding.html" title="cpp/language/structured binding">structured binding declaration</a>, delimit the identifier list. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".23"> <code>#</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Introduce a <a href="../preprocessor.html" title="cpp/preprocessor">preprocessing directive</a>.
</li><li> The <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#.23_and_.23.23_operators" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace">preprocessing operator for stringification</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".23.23"> <code>##</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> The <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#.23_and_.23.23_operators" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace">preprocessing operator for token pasting</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".28_.29"> <code>(</code> <code>)</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In a expression, <a href="expressions.html#Primary_expressions" title="cpp/language/expressions">indicate grouping</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_other.html#Built-in_function_call_operator" title="cpp/language/operator other">Function call operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Function_call_operator" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">function-style type cast</a>, delimit the expression/initializers.
</li><li> In a <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><code>static_cast</code></a>, <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><code>const_cast</code></a>, <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><code>reinterpret_cast</code></a>, or <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><code>dynamic_cast</code></a>, delimit the expression.
</li><li> In a <a href="typeid.html" title="cpp/language/typeid"><code>typeid</code></a>, <a href="sizeof.html" title="cpp/language/sizeof"><code>sizeof</code></a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span>, <a href="sizeof....html" title="cpp/language/sizeof..."><code>sizeof...</code></a>, <a href="alignof.html" title="cpp/language/alignof"><code>alignof</code></a>, or <a href="noexcept.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept"><code>noexcept</code></a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span> expression, delimit the operand.
</li><li> In a <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">placement new expression</a>, delimit the placement arguments.
</li><li> In a <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new expression</a>, optionally delimit the type-id.
</li><li> In a <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new expression</a>, delimit the initializers.
</li><li> In a <a href="explicit_cast.html" title="cpp/language/explicit cast">C-style cast</a>, delimit the type-id.
</li><li> In a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a> or a <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type-id</a>, indicate grouping.
</li><li> Delimit the parameter list in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function">function declarator</a> (in a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a> or a <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type-id</a>)
</li><li> a <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> a <a href="deduction_guide.html" title="cpp/language/class template argument deduction">user-defined deduction guide</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> a <a href="constraints.html#Requires_expressions" title="cpp/language/constraints">requires-expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> In <a href="direct_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/direct initialization">direct-initialization</a>, delimit the initializers.
</li><li> In a <a href="asm.html" title="cpp/language/asm">asm declaration</a>, delimit the string literal.
</li><li> In a <a href="initializer_list.html" title="cpp/language/initializer list" class="mw-redirect">member initializer list</a>, delimit the initializers to a base or member.
</li><li> In a <a href="if.html" title="cpp/language/if"><code>if</code></a> <span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx17"><span>(including <code>constexpr</code> <code>if</code>)</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span></span></span>, <a href="switch.html" title="cpp/language/switch"><code>switch</code></a>, <a href="while.html" title="cpp/language/while"><code>while</code></a>, <a href="do.html" title="cpp/language/do"><code>do-while</code></a>, or <a href="for.html" title="cpp/language/for"><code>for</code></a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span> (including <a href="range-for.html" title="cpp/language/range-for">range-based <code>for</code></a>)</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span> statement, delimit the controlling clause.
</li><li> In a <a href="try_catch.html" title="cpp/language/try catch">catch clause</a>, delimit the parameter declaration.
</li><li> In a <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html#Function-like_macros" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace">function-like macro definition</a>, delimit the macro parameters.
</li><li> Part of a <code>defined</code><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx17"><span>, <code>__has_include</code></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span>, <code>__has_cpp_attribute</code></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span></span></span> preprocessing operator.
</li><li> In a <a href="static_assert.html" title="cpp/language/static assert"><code>static_assert</code></a> declaration, delimit the operands. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype"><code>decltype</code></a> specifier, <a href="noexcept_spec.html" title="cpp/language/noexcept spec"><code>noexcept</code></a> specifier, <a href="alignas.html" title="cpp/language/alignas"><code>alignas</code></a> specifier<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx20"><span>, <a href="explicit.html" title="cpp/language/explicit">conditional <code>explicit</code> specifier</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span></span></span>, delimit the operand. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attribute</a>, delimit the attribute arguments. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> Part of <a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype"><code>decltype(auto)</code></a> specifier. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(since C++14)</span>
</li><li> Delimit a <a href="fold.html" title="cpp/language/fold">fold expression</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> Part of <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace"><tt>__VA_OPT__</tt></a> replacement in a variadic macro definition. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3B"> <code>;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Indicate the end of
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="statements.html" title="cpp/language/statements">statement</a> (including the init-statement of a for statement)
</li><li> a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a> or <a href="class.html#Member_specification" title="cpp/language/class">member declaration</a>
</li><li> a <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules">module declaration</a>, import declaration, global module fragment introducer, or private module fragment introducer <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li><li> a <a href="constraints.html#Requires_expressions" title="cpp/language/constraints">requirement</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> Separate the second and third clauses of a <a href="for.html" title="cpp/language/for">for statement</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=":"> <code>:</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Part of <a href="operator_other.html#Conditional_operator" title="cpp/language/operator other">conditional operator</a>.
</li><li> Part of <a href="statements.html#Labels" title="cpp/language/statements">label declaration</a>.
</li><li> In the class-head of a <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class">class definition</a>, introduce the <a href="derived_class.html" title="cpp/language/derived class">base-clause</a>.
</li><li> Part of <a href="access.html" title="cpp/language/access">access specifier</a> in member specification.
</li><li> In a <a href="bitfield.html" title="cpp/language/bitfield" class="mw-redirect">bit-field member declaration</a>, introduce the width.
</li><li> In a <a href="initializer_list.html" title="cpp/language/constructor">constructor</a> definition, introduce the member initializer list.
</li><li> In a <a href="range-for.html" title="cpp/language/range-for">range-based for</a> statement, separate the range-declaration and the range-initializer. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> Introduce a <a href="enum_class.html" title="cpp/language/enum">enum base</a>, which specifies the underlying type of the enum. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attribute specifier</a>, separate the attribute-using-prefix and the attribute list. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules">module declaration</a> or import declaration of module partition, introduce the module partition name. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li><li> Part of a private module fragment introducer (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">module <span class="sy4">:</span><span class="kw1">private</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>). <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="..."> <code>...</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> In the <a href="function.html#Parameter_list" title="cpp/language/function">parameter list</a> of a function declarator<span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span> or lambda expression</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx17"><span> or user-defined deduction guide</span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span></span></span>, signify a <a href="variadic_arguments.html" title="cpp/language/variadic arguments">variadic function</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="try_catch.html" title="cpp/language/try catch">catch-clause</a>, signify catch-all handler.
</li><li> In a <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace">macro definition</a>, signify a variadic macro. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> Indicate <a href="parameter_pack.html" title="cpp/language/parameter pack">pack</a> declaration and expansion. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3F"> <code>?</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Part of <a href="operator_other.html#Conditional_operator" title="cpp/language/operator other">conditional operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="::"> <code>::</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> Scope resolution operator in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="qualified_lookup.html" title="cpp/language/qualified lookup">qualified name</a>
</li><li> a <a href="pointer.html#Pointers_to_members" title="cpp/language/pointer">pointer-to-member declaration</a>
</li><li> a <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">new</a> or <a href="delete.html" title="cpp/language/delete">delete</a> expression, to indicate that only global allocation or deallocation functions are looked up
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> In a <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attribute</a>, indicate attribute scope. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> Part of <a href="namespace.html" title="cpp/language/namespace">nested namespace definition</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="."> <code>.</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_member_access_operators" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Member access operator</a>.
</li><li> In <a href="aggregate_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/aggregate initialization">aggregate initialization</a>, introduce a designator. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li><li> Part of <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules">module name or module partition name</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="..2A"> <code>.*</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_pointer-to-member_access_operators" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Pointer-to-member access operator</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-.3E"> <code>-&gt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_member_access_operators" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Member access operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function">function declarator</a> or <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda expression</a>, introduce the trailing return type. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="deduction_guide.html" title="cpp/language/class template argument deduction">user-defined deduction guide</a>, introduce the result type. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="constraints.html#Compound_Requirements" title="cpp/language/constraints">compound requirement</a>, introduce the return type requirement. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-.3E.2A"> <code>-&gt;*</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_pointer-to-member_access_operators" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Pointer-to-member access operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Rarely_overloaded_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7E"> <code>~</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Unary complement operator (a.k.a. bitwise not operator)</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator~</span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> Part of a id-expression to name a <a href="destructor.html" title="cpp/language/destructor">destructor</a> or pseudo-destructor.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".21"> <code>!</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical">Logical not operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">!</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> Part of <a href="if.html#Consteval_if" title="cpp/language/if">reversed variant of a consteval <code>if</code> statement</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(since C++23)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2B"> <code>+</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Unary_arithmetic_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Unary plus operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">+</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Additive_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Binary plus operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">+</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-"> <code>-</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Unary_arithmetic_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Unary minus operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">-</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Additive_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Binary minus operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">-</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2A"> <code>*</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_indirection_operator" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Indirection operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Multiplicative_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Multiplication operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">*</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> Pointer operator or part of pointer-to-member operator in a <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="cpp/language/declarations">declarator</a> or in a <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type-id</a>.
</li><li> Part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy2">*</span>this</span></span> in a <a href="lambda.html#Lambda_capture" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda capture</a> list, to capture the current object by copy. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2F"> <code>/</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Multiplicative_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Division operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">/</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".25"> <code>%</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Multiplicative_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Modulo operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">%</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".5E"> <code>^</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise xor operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">^</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".26"> <code>&amp;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_address-of_operator" title="cpp/language/operator member access">Address-of operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">&amp;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Rarely_overloaded_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise and operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">&amp;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> Lvalue-reference operator in a <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="cpp/language/declarations">declarator</a> or in a <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type-id</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="lambda.html#Lambda_capture" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda capture</a>, indicate by-reference capture. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> <a href="member_functions.html#ref-qualified_member_functions" title="cpp/language/member functions">Ref-qualifier</a> in <a href="member_functions.html" title="cpp/language/member functions">member function declaration</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7C"> <code>|</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_logic_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise or operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">|</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3D"> <code>=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Simple assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Assignment_operator" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>, which might be a special member function (<a href="as_operator.html" title="cpp/language/copy assignment">copy assignment operator</a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span> or <a href="move_operator.html" title="cpp/language/move assignment">move assignment operator</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span>).
</li><li> In <a href="initialization.html" title="cpp/language/initialization">initialization</a>, indicate <a href="copy_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/copy initialization">copy-initialization</a><span class="t-rev-inl t-since-cxx11"><span> or <a href="list_initialization.html" title="cpp/language/list initialization">copy-list-initialization</a></span> <span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span></span></span>.
</li><li> In a <a href="function.html" title="cpp/language/function">function declaration</a>, introduce a <a href="default_arguments.html" title="cpp/language/default arguments">default argument</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="template_parameters.html" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template parameter list</a>, introduce a <a href="template_parameters.html#Default_template_arguments" title="cpp/language/template parameters">default template argument</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="namespace_alias.html" title="cpp/language/namespace alias">namespace alias definition</a>, separate the alias and the aliased namespace.
</li><li> In a <a href="enum_class.html" title="cpp/language/enum">enum definition</a>, introduce the value of enumerator.
</li><li> Part of pure-specifier in a <a href="abstract_class.html" title="cpp/language/abstract class">pure virtual function declaration</a>.
</li><li> Capture default in <a href="lambda.html#Lambda_capture" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda capture</a>, to indicate by-copy capture. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> Part of defaulted definition (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1">=</span><span class="kw1">default</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>) or deleted definition (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1">=</span>delete<span class="sy4">;</span></span></span>) in <a href="function.html#Function_definition" title="cpp/language/function">function definition</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="type_alias.html" title="cpp/language/type alias">type alias declaration</a>, separate the alias and the aliased type. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> In a <a href="constraints.html" title="cpp/language/constraints">concept definition</a>, separate the concept name and the constraint expression. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2B.3D"> <code>+=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">+</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="-.3D"> <code>-=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">-</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2A.3D"> <code>*=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">*</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2F.3D"> <code>/=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">/</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".25.3D"> <code>%=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">%</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".5E.3D"> <code>^=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">^</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".26.3D"> <code>&amp;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7C.3D"> <code>|=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">|</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3D.3D"> <code>==</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Equality operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">==</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".21.3D"> <code>!=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Inequality operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C"> <code>&lt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Less-than operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&lt;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> In a <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><code>static_cast</code></a>, <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><code>const_cast</code></a>, <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><code>reinterpret_cast</code></a>, or <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><code>dynamic_cast</code></a>, introduce the type-id.
</li><li> Introduce a <a href="template_parameters.html#Template_arguments" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template argument list</a>.
</li><li> Introduce a <a href="template_parameters.html" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template parameter list</a> in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="templates.html" title="cpp/language/templates">template declaration</a>
</li><li> a <a href="partial_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/partial specialization">partial specialization</a>
</li><li> a <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> Part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span></span></span> in <a href="template_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/template specialization">template specialization declaration</a>.
</li><li> Introduce a header name in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="../preprocessor/include.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/include"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="co2">#include</span></span></span> directive</a>
</li><li> a <a href="../preprocessor/include.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/include"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">__has_include</span></span> preprocessing expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> a <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">import</span></span> declaration</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E"> <code>&gt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Greater-than operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&gt;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><code>static_cast</code></a>, <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><code>const_cast</code></a>, <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><code>reinterpret_cast</code></a>, or <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><code>dynamic_cast</code></a>, indicate the end of type-id.
</li><li> Indicate the end of a <a href="template_parameters.html#Template_arguments" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template argument list</a>.
</li><li> Indicate the end of a <a href="template_parameters.html" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template parameter list</a> in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="templates.html" title="cpp/language/templates">template declaration</a>
</li><li> a <a href="partial_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/partial specialization">partial specialization</a>
</li><li> a <a href="lambda.html" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> Part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="kw1">template</span><span class="sy1">&lt;&gt;</span></span></span> in <a href="template_specialization.html" title="cpp/language/template specialization">template specialization declaration</a>.
</li><li> Indicate the end of a header name in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> a <a href="../preprocessor/include.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/include"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="co2">#include</span></span></span> directive</a>
</li><li> a <a href="../preprocessor/include.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/include"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">__has_include</span></span> preprocessing expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> a <a href="modules.html" title="cpp/language/modules"><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">import</span></span> declaration</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3D"> <code>&lt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Less-than-or-equal-to operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&lt;=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E.3D"> <code>&gt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Greater-than-or-equal-to operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&gt;=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<p><br>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3D.3E_.28since_C.2B.2B20.29"> <code>&lt;=&gt;</code> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx20">(since C++20)</span> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_comparison.html#Three-way_comparison" title="cpp/language/operator comparison">Three-way comparison (spaceship) operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&lt;=&gt;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Comparison_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".26.26"> <code>&amp;&amp;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical">Logical and operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">&amp;&amp;</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Rarely_overloaded_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> Rvalue-reference operator in a <a href="declarations.html#Declarators" title="cpp/language/declarations">declarator</a> or in a <a href="type-id.html#Type_naming" title="cpp/language/type">type-id</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> <a href="member_functions.html#ref-qualified_member_functions" title="cpp/language/member functions">Ref-qualifier</a> in <a href="member_functions.html" title="cpp/language/member functions">member function declaration</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".7C.7C"> <code>||</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_logical.html" title="cpp/language/operator logical">Logical or operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy3">||</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Rarely_overloaded_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3C"> <code>&lt;&lt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_shift_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise shift operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;</span></span></span> in operator overloading (<a href="operators.html#Bitwise_arithmetic_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">bitwise operator</a> or <a href="operators.html#Stream_extraction_and_insertion" title="cpp/language/operators">stream insertion operator</a>).
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E.3E"> <code>&gt;&gt;</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_arithmetic.html#Bitwise_shift_operators" title="cpp/language/operator arithmetic">Bitwise shift operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&gt;&gt;</span></span></span> in operator overloading (<a href="operators.html#Bitwise_arithmetic_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">bitwise operator</a> or <a href="operators.html#Stream_extraction_and_insertion" title="cpp/language/operators">stream extraction operator</a>).
</li><li> Can be reparsed as two <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy1">&gt;</span></span></span> in a <a href="static_cast.html" title="cpp/language/static cast"><code>static_cast</code></a>, <a href="const_cast.html" title="cpp/language/const cast"><code>const_cast</code></a>, <a href="reinterpret_cast.html" title="cpp/language/reinterpret cast"><code>reinterpret_cast</code></a>, or <a href="dynamic_cast.html" title="cpp/language/dynamic cast"><code>dynamic_cast</code></a>, a <a href="template_parameters.html#Template_arguments" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template argument list</a>, or a <a href="template_parameters.html" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template parameter list</a>. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3C.3C.3D"> <code>&lt;&lt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&lt;&lt;=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".3E.3E.3D"> <code>&gt;&gt;=</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_assignment.html" title="cpp/language/operator assignment">Compound assignment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy1">&gt;&gt;=</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2B.2B"> <code>++</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="cpp/language/operator incdec">Increment operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">++</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="--"> <code>--</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_incdec.html" title="cpp/language/operator incdec">Decrement operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">--</span></span></span> in <a href="operators.html" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".2C"> <code>,</code> </span></h3>
<ul><li> <a href="operator_other.html#Built-in_comma_operator" title="cpp/language/operator other">Comma operator</a>; part of <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator,</span></span> in <a href="operators.html#Rarely_overloaded_operators" title="cpp/language/operators">operator overloading</a>.
</li><li> List separator in
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> the declarator list in a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a>
</li><li> initializer list in <a href="initialization.html" title="cpp/language/initialization">initialization</a>
</li><li> the placement argument list in a <a href="new.html" title="cpp/language/new">placement new</a>
</li><li> the argument list in a <a href="operator_other.html#Function_call_operator" title="cpp/language/operator other">function call expression</a>
</li><li> the argument list in a <a href="operator_member_access.html#Built-in_subscript_operator" title="cpp/language/operator member access">multi-argument subscript expression</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx23">(since C++23)</span>
</li><li> the enumerator list in a <a href="enum_class.html" title="cpp/language/enum">enum</a> declaration
</li><li> the <a href="derived_class.html" title="cpp/language/derived class">base class</a> list in a <a href="class.html" title="cpp/language/class">class</a> declaration
</li><li> the member initializer list in a <a href="initializer_list.html" title="cpp/language/constructor">constructor</a> definition
</li><li> a <a href="function.html#Parameter_list" title="cpp/language/function">function parameter list</a>
</li><li> a <a href="template_parameters.html" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template parameter list</a>
</li><li> a <a href="template_parameters.html#Template_arguments" title="cpp/language/template parameters">template argument list</a>
</li><li> the macro parameter list in a <a href="../preprocessor/replace.html" title="cpp/preprocessor/replace">function-like macro definition</a>
</li><li> a <a href="lambda.html#Lambda_capture" title="cpp/language/lambda">lambda capture</a> list <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> a <a href="attributes.html" title="cpp/language/attributes">attribute</a> list <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li><li> the declarator list in a <a href="namespace.html#Using-declarations" title="cpp/language/namespace">using-declaration</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li><li> the identifier list in a <a href="structured_binding.html" title="cpp/language/structured binding">structured binding</a> declaration <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx17">(since C++17)</span>
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul><li> In a <a href="static_assert.html" title="cpp/language/static assert"><code>static_assert</code></a> declaration, separate the arguments. <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(since C++11)</span>
</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-c++20">
<ul><li> C++20 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2020): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 5.12 Operators and punctuators [lex.operators] 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c++17">
<ul><li> C++17 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2017): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 5.12 Operators and punctuators [lex.operators] 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c++14">
<ul><li> C++14 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2014): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 2.13 Operators and punctuators [lex.operators] 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c++11">
<ul><li> C++11 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 2.13 Operators and punctuators [lex.operators] 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c++03">
<ul><li> C++03 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2003): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 2.12 Operators and punctuators [lex.operators] 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="t-ref-std-c++98">
<ul><li> C++98 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:1998): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 2.12 Operators and punctuators [lex.operators] 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

<tr class="t-dsc">
<td>  <a href="operator_alternative.html" title="cpp/language/operator alternative"> Alternative representations </a>
</td>
<td>  alternative spellings for certain operators</td></tr>

</table>

<!-- 
NewPP limit report
Preprocessor visited node count: 9635/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 16976/1000000
Post‐expand include size: 177144/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 34602/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 15/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/100
-->

<!-- Saved in parser cache with key mwiki1-mwiki_en_:pcache:idhash:20771-0!*!0!!en!*!* and timestamp 20220605011241 -->
</div>                    <!-- /bodycontent -->
                                        <!-- printfooter -->
                    <div class="printfooter">
                    Retrieved from "<a href="https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/punctuators&amp;oldid=139977">https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/punctuators&amp;oldid=139977</a>"                    </div>
                    <!-- /printfooter -->
                                                            <!-- catlinks -->
                    <!-- /catlinks -->
                                                            <div class="visualClear"></div>
                    <!-- debughtml -->
                                        <!-- /debughtml -->
                </div>
                <!-- /bodyContent -->
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- /content -->
        <!-- footer -->
        <div id="cpp-footer-base" class="noprint">
            <div id="footer">
                        <div id="cpp-navigation">
            <h5>Navigation</h5>
            <ul><li><a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/punctuators">Online version</a></li><li>Offline version retrieved 2022-07-30 14:05.</li></ul></div>
                        <ul id="footer-info">
                                    <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 1 June 2022, at 02:28.</li>
                                    <li id="footer-info-viewcount">This page has been accessed 6,268 times.</li>
                            </ul>
                    </div>
        </div>
        <!-- /footer -->
        <script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.state({"site":"loading","user":"missing","user.groups":"ready"});
}</script>
<script src="../../../common/skin_scripts.js"></script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","mediawiki.hidpi","ext.gadget.ColiruCompiler","ext.gadget.MathJax"], null, true);
}</script>
<script src="../../../common/site_scripts.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2828341-1']);
_gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'cppreference.com']);
_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
</script><!-- Served in 4.446 secs. -->
	</body>
<!-- Cached 20220605011241 -->
</html>